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The Papua New Guinea people live in tribal and clan lineage social groupings, speak our 850 different language, thus live in linguistic ethnic groups. They strongly organise, behave, and conduct economic activities in clan social groups. Subsistence agriculture is integrated with edible forest products collection, hunting and fishing. Household food availability and consumption is the main livelihood strategy. Local knowledge and skills in agriculture, forestry care, and fishing existed, but with technologically low capacity. Modern science and technology have brought rapid changes, the indigenous are adapting the changes and the stresses of these changes. 

The indigenous people and communities have understood they are part the global community and planet Earth is home to humankind. They have committed their land, forests, and seas, to the scientific and technical community to consult them and develop climate mitigation and adaptation projects. They have formed "Community Forest Governance Groups (CFGGs)" through the Incorporated Land Groups (ILGs) for Improved Forest Management, reforestation, afforestation, and value chains-based agroforestry for carbon sequestration and GHG emissions reduction.

Papua New Guinea: Melanesian Society 

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Climate change is basically understood as a rise in temperature due to global warming caused by greenhouse gas effect in the ozone layer. The greenhouse effect is a natural process where atmospheric gases (water vapour, CO2, methane) trap heat, keeping Earth enough to support life. Global warming is the long-term, human-caused increase in Earth's average temperature, as a result of intensified greenhouse effect from fossil fuels burning and deforestation.

Indigenous feel the heat of the sun and respond to finding shady areas or stay in the sun to feel warm. We heard of heatwaves, bush fires in the midst of prolonged droughts, frequent heavy rainfalls and floods. Community people and households are adapting to the changes like yearly cropping calendar adjustments, fishing and hunting timing changes, farming methods changes, housing changes, and food processing and storages changes.

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